Sultanate of Maguindanao, Magindanaw 1500–1888
History of the Philippines
Prehistory (pre-900)
Pre-Spanish period (900–1565)
Spanish period (1565–1898)
American period (1898–1946)
Post-independence (1946–present)
The Sultanate of Maguindanao (Arabic: سلطنة ماجوينداناو, Filipino: Kasultanan ng Magindanaw
Malay: Kesultanan Maguindanao, Jawi: كسولتانن
ماڬوايندنااو) was a
Maguindanaon Islamic state that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao, in
southern Philippines. Its known historical influence stretches from the
peninsula of Zamboanga to the bay of Sarangani. At its peak, the sultanate
covered the entire island of Mindanao, and ruled over the smaller neighboring
islands near and around Mindanao. During the era of European colonization, the
Sultanate maintained friendly relations with British and Dutch traders.[1]
The sultanate's sovereignty was dissolved in early 20th
century when Spanish Governor General Emilio Terrero personally led a military
expedition on Buayan itself. Every kota (the Malay term for city) of
Maguindanao, including the capital built by Datu Uto, was demolished.[1]
History
Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan of Johor introduced Islam in
the area at the end of the 16th century and established himself as Sultan
seated in Malabang-Lanao. He exiled some of his people who deviated from the
Islamic faith to Cotabato. He subsequently married many local princesses of the
Maguinadanao family ruling class in Dulawan and established the Sultanate of
Maguindanao seated in Dulawan and virtually as Sultan of the whole island of
the so-called Mindanao.[2] The sultanate was usually centered in the valley of
Cotabato.
Asraf Mohamad Samalan Dipatuan Qudratullah Fahar'uddin
Nasiruddin, popularly known as Qudarat and whose name as a youth was Ullah
Untong, was one of the greatest known sultans who controlled Mindanao. In his
island sanctuary in Sulu, he was known as Sultan Nasiruddin and was the Sultan
of that island recognized by the Sulu Sultan and his grave still stands there.
Abd al-Rahman, his grandson, continued increasing the
Sultanate's power and influence.
During the Spanish colonial period, the Sultanate of
Maguindanao was able to defend its territory, preventing the Spaniards from
colonizing the entire Mindanao and ceding the island of Palawan to the Spanish
government in 1705. The island priory ceded to him by Sulu Sultan Sahabuddin.
This was to have help dissuaded Spanish encroachments into the island of
Maguinadanao.
List of Maguindanao Sultans
1. SHARIF MUHAMMAD KABUNGSUWAN
According to the Maguindanao tarsilas, his father was the
Sharif ‘Ali Zein ul-‘Abidin from Arabia, and his mother belonged to the royal
family of Johore. It may be speculated that he arrived on the shores of
Mindanao around 1515.
2. SHARIF MAKA-ALANG
He was a son of Muhammad Kabungsuwan and surnamed
“Saripada”. His mother Angintabu was a daughter of an Iranun chief from the
area now known as Malabang. In 1543, during the Villalobos expedition, some
Spaniards were able to go to the mouth of a big river (Pulangi) where they were
informed by the inhabitants that the chief was called “Sarriparra”. This being
a variation of “salipada” or “saripada”, it can be surmised that the chief was
the Sharif Maka-alang; especially if it is considered that not only does a tarsila
explicitly state that the Sharif had such a title but that such a title was not
found among his immediate successors.
3. DATU BANGKAYA
He was a son of Sharif Maka-alang. In 1574, Guido de
Lavezaris wrote to the Spanish King that the chief of Mindanao River wanted to
become a friend of the Spaniards. In another Spanish report dated 1579, this
chief is referred to as “Asulutan” (Arabic, As-sulutan) with the information
that he was a father of Diman Sankay and that he had already died. This refers
probably to Datu Bangkaya who by 1574 must have been reigning for some time,
since in 1579, his son Dimansankay, was considered by the Spaniards to have
been “an old man”. Datu Bangkaya could also have been the ruler in the Pulangi
who was reported to have died in 1578.
4. DATU DIMANSANKAY
He was a son of Bangkaya. Spanish reports say that he was
ruling in 1579 and that he was an old man. The leading datus of the Iranuns and
Maranaos all claim descent from him.
5. DATU SALIKULA.
He was the half-brother of Dimansankay and also known as
Gugu Salikula. Up to early 1597, he appeared to be a leading chief of
Maguindanao, Dimansankay being dead at that time. According to tarsilas, he
married a Sulu princess, and therefore he might have been the Maguindanao chief
seen in Jolo in 1597 where he was supposed to have been banished for being
“restless and rebellious” and who was further described as a brother-in-law of
the Sulu ruler and an uncle of the Maguindanao Rajah Muda (erroneously called
“King”) by the Spaniards. He was chief around 1585 to 1597.
6. KAPITAN LAUT BUISAN
He was a younger half-brother of both Dimansankay and
Salikula; he was sometimes called by the title “Katchil”. His rule began around
1597 when he displaced Salikula; he controlled his nephew, the Rajah Muda, a
son of Dimansankay. He must have been chief at least up to 1619, since Dutch
sources mention relations with the immediate predecessor of Qudarat at this
date.
7. SULTAN QUDARAT
A son of Buisan, he was known to the Spaniards as Corralat
and to some Dutch writers as Guserat. In 1619-1621, there was war between
Buayan and Maguindanao, probably dynastic or a contest for primacy in the
Pulangi. Qudarat must have been involved in this war for not long after a
temporary reversal he appears as exercising some political power over Buayan.
Furthermore, he must have consolidated his power well enough after this to
enable him to attack Sarangani in 1625. He died about the end of 1671 after
having ruled about half a century. His rule, with varying fortunes and at
different capitals can, therefore, be fairly estimated to have taken place from
1619 to 1671. By 1645, he was already using the title of “sultan”. As a young
man he was entitled “Katchil”. His great grandchildren referred to him as Nasir
ud-Din.
8. SULTAN DUNDANG TIDULAY.
He was a son of Qudarat and there is a report that he died
before his father. If he ruled at all, it must have been for a very short time.
He was referred to as Saif ud-Din by his grandchildren.
9. SULTAN BARAHAMAN (Arabic, ‘Abd ur-Rahman)
He was a son of Sultan Tidulay. He was also known as Minulu
sa rahmatullah. His sons referred to him as Muhammad Shah. He was Almo Sobat
(Arabic, Al Mu-Thabbat) to William Dampier or the Almo al Lasab Brahaman to the
Spaniards. The name of his grandfather Qudarat was also used by him. He was
heard of as sultan early as 1678. Information given to Dutch officials at
Ternate was that he died on July 6, 1699.
10. SULTAN KAHAR UD-DIN KUDA
He was a younger brother of Barahaman and was sometimes
known as Jamal ul-‘Azam. He also assumed the title of Amir ul-‘Umara as well as
that of Maulana. His reign was contested by two of his nephews, the sons of
Barahaman. To make more secure his authority, he asked the aid of the Sulu
Sultan Shahab ud-Din who came over to Simuay where Kuda held court. A
misunderstanding as well as bitterness due to a long standing feud brought
about a pitched battle between the Sulus and Maguindanaos. In the struggle, the
Sulu Sultan personally slew Kuda. This event took place on August 10, 1702.
11. SULTAN BAYAN UL-ANWAR
His other regal name was Jalal ud-Din. Entitled “Dipatuan”
during his lifetime, he was known after his death as Mupat Batua. He was a son
of Sultan Barahaman. In 1701, he was already intriguing against his uncle the
Sultan. He succeeded to the throne in 1702 and held court in Slangan but was
often in Sibugay. His younger brother Ja’far Sadiq, the Rajah Muda, revolted
against him but managed to keep the throne. In 1736, Anwar “abdicated” in favor
of his son Tahir ud- Din Malinug (no. 13). He died around 1745.
12. SULTAN MUHAMMAD JA’FAR SADIQ MANAMIR.
He was a younger brother of Sultan Bayan ul-Anwar. He was
sometimes referred to as Amir ud-Din. Referred to as Maulana while alive, he
was known after his death as Shahid Mupat. He contested the reign of his older
brother, but he was forced to flee to Tamontaka in 1710. Dutch officials
referred to him as “the young king” to distinguish him from Sultan Bayan ul Anwar.
By 1725 he had assumed the title of Paduka Sri Sultan. In March 1733, his
brother and nephew Malinug attacked his forces in Tamontaka. The latter caused
his death in the ensuing struggle. While his brother had power along the coast,
Manamir held sway over the interior. His power was recognized in Tamontaka from
about 1710 to his death in March 1733.
13. SULTAN MUHAMMAD TAHIR UD-DIN.
A son of Sultan Bayan ul-Anwar, he was commonly known to the
Spaniards as Dipatuan Malinug. He was also known as Muhammad Shah Amir ud-Din.
In a battle in 1733, he killed his uncle Ja’far Sadiq Manamir. In 1736, his
father started sharing with him the responsibilities of government. His
authority was however contested by two of his cousins, sons of Manamir, forcing
him to retire to the interior where he died in Buayan around 1748.
14. SULTAN MUHAMMAD KHAIR UD-DIN
He was a son of Sultan Ja’far Sadiq and was better known to
Europeans as Pakir Maulana Kamsa (Arabic, Faqir Maulana Hamzah) or Amir ud-Din
Hamza. He also used the name ‘Azim ud-Din and assumed the title Amir
ul-Mu’minin. In 1733, after his father was slain, he began to consider himself
heir to the throne and thereupon called himself “rajah muda”. The next year, he
was formally invested with the duties of a sultan in the presence of the
Spanish officials from Zamboanga. With some Spanish aid, he was able to
consolidate his position in Tamontaka and contest the rule of his uncle Bayan
ul-Anwar and later that of his cousin Malinug. But upon the latter’s death
around 1748, the struggle for the sultanate ceased. Pakir Maulana Kamsa emerged
as paramount chief of Maguindanao. Around 1755, he started to relinquish some
of his powers to his younger brother with the condition that his son, Kibad
Sahriyal, would be the “Rajah Muda”.
15. SULTAN PAHAR UD-DIN
He was a younger brother of Pakir Maulan Kamsa and was known
as Datu Pongloc or Panglu. He began to exercise the powers of sultan around
1755 and was in the sultan’s seat in that same year when Captain Thomas Forrest
paid a visit to Maguindanao. After his death he was known as Mupat Hidayat.
16. SULTAN KIBAD SAHRIYAL
His more regal title was Muhammad ‘Azim ud-Din Amir
ul-Umara. He was a son of Pakir Maulana Kamsa. Even before the death of his
uncle the Sultan, he was already being addressed as “sultan”. He was friendly
towards the Spaniards and at least twice entered into peaceful negotiations
with them, namely, in 1780 and 1794. He probably governed from 1780 to 1805.
17. SULTAN KAWASA ANWAR UD-DIN
He was a son of Kibad Sahriyal and like his father was also
entitled Amir ul-‘Umara. He entered into a peace treaty with the Spaniards in
1805. One of his seals carried the title of Iskandar Julkarnain. He possibly
reigned from 1805 to 1830.
18. SULTAN ISKANDAR QUDRATULLAH MUHAMMAD ZAMAL UL-AZAM
He was more popularly known as Sultan Untong. He was a
grandson of Kibad Sahriyal and a nephew of Sultan Kawasa. Some Spanish
documents carry his name as Iskandar Qudarat Pahar-ud-Din. In 1837 and 1845, he
entered into friendly treaties with the Spaniards. He died either in 1853 and
1854.
19. SULTAN MUHAMMAD MAKAKWA
He was a grandson of Sultan Kawasa Anwar ud-Din. His rule
can be estimated to have lasted from about 1854 to 1884. He died in Nuling (in
the site of the old settlement of Maguindanao).
20. SULTAN MOHAMMAD JALAL UD-DIN PABLU
Also known as Sultan Wata, he was a son of Sultan Makakwa.
His capital was at Banubu, just opposite the town of Cotabato across the
Pulangi. His death took place in 1888.
21. SULTAN MANGIGIN
He was a grandson of the famous Datu Dakula of Sibugay, who
in turn, was a grandson of Kibad Sahriyal (No. 16). He began his rule in 1896.
From 1888 to 1896, the sultanate was vacant. This was probably due to the fact
that Datu Utto (Sultan Anwar ud-Din of Buayan) wanted his brother-in-law Datu
Mamaku (a son of Sultan Qudratullah Untong) to become the Sultan. The
Spaniards, however, wanted the sultanate to go to one of the Sibugay datus.
Around the end of 1800, Sultan Mangigin transferred his residence from Cotabato
to Sibugay. In 1906, he married Rajah Putri, the widow of Datu Utto and sister
of Datu Mamaku.
22. SULTAN ISKANDAR HIJABAN MASTURA
He assumed the throne upon Mangigin’s death in 1926. By this
time, the Sultanate assumed a very ceremonial traditional character. It
continued to be the central institution for traditional and religious affairs
of the Maguindanaon and Iranon peoples.
23. SULTAN ESMAEL KALUG
He assumed the Sultanate when the eldest grandson of Sultan
Mastura, Datu Baraguir refused to become Sultan. The latter was supposed to be
the most legitimate claimant as a matter of right: His father, Datu Mamadra –
who could have succeeded – predeceased Sultan Mastura, the incumbent.
24. SULTAN MUHAMMAD (ATTY. GUTIEREZ) BARAGUIR
He assumed upon the nomination of Sultan Esmael Kalug, few
months prior to the latter’s death in 1991 until his death in 2000.
25. HRH SULTAN SAYYID AMIR BARAGUIR
He was designated successor by his father. He assumed the
title upon his father’s death in June 8, 2000. He was formally enthroned
December 12, 2005 and was assassinated a month after. The Sultanate has been
vacant since.
SOURCE :Wikipedia
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